Red Vine Leaf has a long history of use, particularly as a treatment for vein disorders The use of red vine leaf for healing dates back to ancient times. Galen, a doctor in 2nd Century AD, employed it as a medicine and in medieval literature medical indications for the herb are also found. In many European countries, the leaves of the vine have long been used in folk medicine. Infusions and poultices were prepared from vine leaves for the relief of skin disorders, bleeding, rheumatic complaints, but above all vein problems of the lower limbs. Although today the leaves of the red grape vine grow in many areas of the world, Antistax contains a unique red vine leaf extract called AS195, which is standardised to guarantee a consistent level of active botanical compounds. The flavonoid compounds in red vine leaf extract are mainly quercetin and isoquercetin. These antioxidants help protect, seal and stabilise the walls of blood vessels. This action is responsible for red vein leafs ability to improve blood circulation, reduce oedema and relieve pain and swelling. The flavonoids it contains also have potent anti-inflammatory properties. How to use: Massage the gel into your legs with a gentle but firm action, beginning at your ankles and working your way up the legs. Apply when needed throughout the day Use within 12 months of first opening Hazards and Cautions Avoid contact with eyes and sensitive areas. Do not apply to open wounds. Keep out of sight and reach of children. :(Topical application only)