V-Vein formula was developed by David Christopher a Master Herbalist with over 20 years experience. David carefully chose each ingredient considering the historical uses and the specific benefits of each herb for overall vein health. A few of the key ingredients in the formulas are: Japanese Pagoda Bud - This well known herb is proven to strengthen the vein wall and improve the condition of veins and capillaries. Collinsonia Root (stone root) - Has historically been used to support the "vascular tone" of the peripheral circulatory system. Dr. Christopher's V-Vein formula aids the body with circulation and supports vein health, strength and function.